成語 四面楚歌 英文翻譯

At the end of the Qin Dynasty(221-206 BC) the State of Chu and the State of Han fought for control for the country. Xiang Yu, the king of Chu, was besieged（包圍） at a place called Gaixia by the Han army led by Liu Bang. Xiang Yu was in a desperate situation, with little food and only a few soliders. At night, the surrounding Han troops started to sing Chu folk songs. Xiang Yu was very surprised at this, and said:"Has Liu Bang occupied the whole of Chu? How can he have drafted so many Chu people into his army?" Then he fled together with the remainder of his forces.

This idiom is used metaphorically to mean to be in a helpless and critical situation, surrounded by the enemy on all sides.

項羽和劉邦原來約定以鴻溝（在今河南榮縣境賈魯河）東西邊作為界限，互不侵犯。後來劉邦聽從張良和陳平的規勸，覺得應該趁項羽衰弱的時候消滅他，就又和韓信、彭越、劉賈會合兵力追擊正在向東開往彭城（即今江蘇徐州）的項羽部隊。終於佈置了幾層兵力，把項羽緊緊圍在垓下（在今安徽靈璧縣東南）。這時，項羽手下的兵士已經很少，糧食又沒有了。夜裡聽見四面圍住他的軍隊都唱起楚地的民歌，不禁非常吃驚地說：“劉邦已經得到了楚地了嗎？為什麼他的部隊裡面楚人這麼多呢？”說看，心裡已喪失了鬥志，便從床上爬起來，在營帳裡面喝酒，並和他最寵愛的妃子虞姬一同唱歌。唱完，直掉眼淚，在一旁的人也非常難過，都覺得抬不起頭來。虞姬自刎於項羽的馬前，項羽英雄末路，帶了僅剩兵卒至烏江，最終自刎於江邊。
以後人們就用“四面楚歌”這個詞，形容人們遭受各方面攻擊或逼迫，而陷於孤立窘迫的境地。凡是陷於此種境地者，其命運往往是很悲慘的。例如某人因經常與壞人為伍，不事生產，遊手好閒，但後來卻被那些壞人逼迫得無以為生，而求助於別人時，別人又因他平日行為太壞，絕不同情理睬，這人所處的境地便是“四面楚歌”。